Temperaments

The four temperaments are commonly attributed as developments of the four humors of the Greek philosophers Aristotle, Hippocrates, and Galen, yet can also be traced to India, Egypt, and Mesopotamia, and is still used in many traditions today, such as Ayurveda, Unani Tibb, and Traditional Chinese Medicine. 

The temperaments describe basic qualities of health and psychology, and are combinations of the four elements (earth, water, air, and fire) and the four qualities (cold, hot, moist, and dry).

"The mind's inclination follows the body's temperature." —Galen

Melancholic
Psychology: gluttonous, emotional, introspective
Humor: Black Bile
Element: Earth
Season: Winter
Age: Old Age
Qualities: Cold & Dry
Organ: Spleen or gall bladder
Planet: Saturn

Phlegmatic
Psychology: fearful, heavy, slow
Humor: Phlegm
Element: Water
Season: Autumn
Age: Maturity
Qualities: Cold & Moist
Organ: Brain or lungs
Planet: Moon

Choleric
Psychology: ambitious, easily angered, violent
Humor: Yellow Bile
Element: Fire
Season: Summer
Age: Childhood
Qualities: Hot & Dry
Organ: Spleen or gall bladder
Planet: Mars

Sanguine
Psychology: irresponsible, generous, happy, optimistic, loving, passionate
Humor: Blood
Element: Air
Season: Spring
Age: Adolescence
Qualities: Hot & Moist
Organ: Heart or liver
Planet: Jupiter

"Sexual temperaments are another grave hinderance to happiness. ...this subject matter of temperaments is very important. Not only is it necessary to have affinity between the different centers of the organic machine — intellect, emotion, movement, instinct and sex — but moreover, affinity of temperaments is also necessary. Only by the affinity of temperaments and by a perfect interrelation between the different centers of the human machine can there be authentic affinity that will bring happiness." —Samael Aun Weor, Sexology